Categoría: sostenibilidad

Análisis del ciclo de vida: comparación entre dos puentes postesados óptimos de sección en cajón

Acaban de publicarnos un artículo en la revista del JCR (Q2) Sustainability que compara dos puentes postesados óptimos de sección en cajón atendiendo a su ciclo de vida. Creemos que la metodología empleada puede ser de interés para casos de estructuras de hormigón similares a las presentadas. El artículo forma parte del proyecto de investigación BRIDLIFE «Puentes pretensados de alta eficiencia social y medioambiental bajo presupuestos restrictivos«.

Os paso a continuación el resumen y el artículo propiamente dicho, pues está publicado en abierto.

 

 

Abstract:

The goal of sustainability involves a consensus among economic, environmental and social factors. Due to climate change, environmental concerns have increased in society. The construction sector is among the most active high environmental impact sectors. This paper proposes new features to consider a more detailed life-cycle assessment (LCA) of reinforced or pre-stressed concrete structures. Besides, this study carries out a comparison between two optimal post-tensioned concrete box-girder road bridges with different maintenance scenarios. ReCiPe method is used to carry out the life-cycle assessment. The midpoint approach shows a complete environmental profile with 18 impact categories. In practice, all the impact categories make their highest contribution in the manufacturing and use and maintenance stages. Afterwards, these two stages are analyzed to identify the process which makes the greatest contribution. In addition, the contribution of CO2fixation is taken into account, reducing the environmental impact in the use and maintenance and end of life stages. The endpoint approach shows more interpretable results, enabling an easier comparison between different stages and solutions. The results show the importance of considering the whole life-cycle, since a better design reduces the global environmental impact despite a higher environmental impact in the manufacturing stage.

Keywords:

sustainability; environmental impact; life-cycle assessment; construction LCA; bridge LCA; ReCiPe;sustainable construction

Reference:

PENADÉS-PLÀ, V.; MARTÍ, J.V.; GARCÍA-SEGURA, T.;  YEPES, V. (2017). Life-cycle assessment: A comparison between two optimal post-tensioned concrete box-girder road bridges. Sustainability, 9(10):1864. doi:10.3390/su9101864 (link)

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Valoración de la contribución de una infraestructura a la sostenibilidad social bajo condiciones de incertidumbre

Nos acaban de publicar en la revista de Elsevier del primer cuartil, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, un artículo donde se valora la contribución de una infraestructura a la sostenibilidad social bajo condiciones de incertidumbre. Este artículo forma parte de nuestra línea de investigación BRIDLIFE en la que se pretenden optimizar estructuras atendiendo no solo a su coste, sino al impacto ambiental y social que generan a lo largo de su ciclo de vida.

 

 

Abstract:

Assessing the viability of a public infrastructure includes economic, technical and environmental aspects; however, on many occasions, the social aspects are not always adequately considered. This article proposes a procedure to estimate the social sustainability of infrastructure projects under conditions of uncertainty, based on a multicriteria deterministic method. The variability of the method inputs is contributed by the decision-makers. Uncertain inputs are treated through uniform and beta PERT distributions. The Monte Carlo method is used to propagate uncertainty in the method. A road infrastructure improvement case study in El Salvador illustrates this treatment. The main results determine the variability of the short and long-term social improvement indices by infrastructure and the probability of the position in prioritizing the alternatives. The proposed mechanism improves the reliability of the decision-making early in infrastructure projects, taking their social contribution into account. The results can complement environmental and economic sustainability assessments.

Keywords:

  • Infrastructure;
  • Multicriteria decision-making;
  • Uncertainty;
  • Social sustainability

 

Reference:

SIERRA, L.A.; YEPES, V.; PELLICER, E. (2017). Assessing the social sustainability contribution of an infrastructure project under conditions of uncertainty. Environmental Impact Assessment Review,67:61-72.

 

Study of criteria used to obtain a sustainable bridge

Abstract. The sustainable development of bridges is mainly based on meeting the three pillars of sustainability (economic, social and environmental factors) which have different goals. Each main criterion groups a large number of subcritera. Therefore, achieve a sustainable bridge is a complicate problem that involves a high number of factors in each stage of bridge life-cycle. For this reason, decision-making is a helpful process to solve the sustainability problem. The objective of this work is to review the bridge life-cycle decision-making problems that involve criteria that represent the pillars of the sustainability. While some works only consider criteria related to one or two of these pillars, the most current works consider criteria that involve all the pillars of sustainability. Furthermore, most of the works reviewed only study one stage of bridge life-cycle. This study shows the criteria used in some revised journal articles in each bridge life-cycle phase and, the multi-attribute decision-making used to achieve the sustainability. In addition, a small explanation of the obtained information will be carried out.

Keywords: Multi-criteria, Life-cycle, Decision-making, MCDM, MADM

Reference:

PENADÉS, V.; YEPES, V.; GARCÍA-SEGURA, T.; MARTÍ, J.V. (2017). Study of criteria used to obtain a sustainable bridge. Proceedings of the Ninth International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference, Valencia, Spain, July 24-July 29.    doi: 10.14455/ISEC.res.2017.177

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Sustainable assessment of retaining walls through an active learning method considering multiple stakeholders

ABSTRACT: The sustainability approach has changed the modern society. Currently, the sustainability takes into consideration, not only the economic and environmental facets, but also the social facet. Taking into account the three facets of sustainability, this paper shows the application of a method of active learning to assess the sustainability of three real retaining walls. A group of 29 students of the Master of Science in Planning and Management in Civil Engineering at the Universitat Politècnica de València has experienced this assessment. The method followed was proposed by academics of the School of Civil Engineering of the Universitat Politècnica de València (Spain) and Universidad de La Frontera (Chile). An approach multi-criteria and a clusters analysis are part of method, which allows developing a participative process with different points of view about the sustainability. The outcomes show that of this way students can forecast impacts from of the integration of design, planning and the location context of the infrastructure. Result evidence that personal values of each student influences the election of the optimal alternative. The paper also identifies the need to strengthen the conceptualization of social criteria in the students training.

KEYWORDS: Infrastructure, Education, Cluster analysis, Analytic hierarchy process, Civil engineering, Sustainability

REFERENCE:

SIERRA-VARELA, L.; YEPES, V.; PELLICER, E. (2017). Sustainable assessment of retaining walls through an active learning method considering multiple stakeholders. Proceedings of the Ninth International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference, Valencia, Spain, July 24-July 29.  doi: 10.14455/ISEC.res.2017.51

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Diseño óptimo sostenible de muros de contrafuertes

Nos acaban de publicar en la revista de Elsevier del primer decil, Journal of Cleaner Production, un artículo en el que se estudia el diseño de muros de contrafuertes optimizados para reducir sus emisiones de CO2. Este artículo forma parte de nuestra línea de investigación BRIDLIFE, en la que se pretende optimizar las estructuras atendiendo no solo a su coste, sino también al impacto ambiental que generan a lo largo de su ciclo de vida.

Abstract:

This paper shows the differences in the design of a reinforced concrete structure when two objectives are considered: minimizing economic cost and CO2 emissions. Both objectives depend on the amount of two high-carbon-intensive materials: cement in the concrete and steel; therefore, these objectives are related. As the balance between steel and cement per m3 of concrete depends on several factors, such as the type of structure, this study focuses on buttressed earth-retaining walls. Another factor that determines the balance between steel and concrete is the wall’s height. Thus, the methodology employs a parametric study of optimal designs for buttressed earth-retaining walls, with the wall height as one parameter. One objective is to show the variation in cost when CO2 is minimized while respecting economic constraints. The findings show that wall elements under bending-compressive strains (i.e., the buttressed retaining wall stem) behave differently depending on the target function. On the one hand, the study reveals an upward trend in steel per unit volume of concrete in emission-optimized earth-retaining buttressed walls compared to cost-optimized ones. On the other hand, it is observed that, unlike cost-optimized walls, emission-optimized walls use a higher concrete class than the minimum available. These findings indicate that emission-optimized walls penalize not only concrete volume but also cement content, to the extent that a higher concrete class outperforms in terms of reduced emissions. Additionally, the paper outlines how and to what extent the design of this typology varies across the two analyzed objectives in terms of geometry and material quantity. Some relevant differences influencing the geometry of design strategies are found.

Keywords:

Carbon emission; CO2; earth-retaining wall; reinforced concrete; Harmony search; Threshold accepting

Reference:

MOLINA-MORENO, F.; MARTÍ, J.V.; YEPES, V. (2017). Carbon embodied optimization for buttressed earth-retaining walls: implications for low-carbon conceptual designs. Journal of Cleaner Production, 164:872-884.

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BIM, declaraciones ambientales de producto e inercia térmica: tres vías para la consolidación de las soluciones en prefabricado de hormigón

BIM: Digitalización productos/sistemas constructivos

Resumen: En un contexto social y reglamentario cada vez más exigente, coexisten tres tendencias que se presentan como una inmejorable oportunidad para la consolidación definitiva de las soluciones prefabricadas de hormigón como la variante industrializada de la construcción de edificios e infraestructuras, con todas las ventajas que ello proporciona en términos de rapidez de ejecución, control más exhaustivo en proyecto y obra, calidad, precisión dimensional, eficiencia y rentabilidad económica. Tanto BIM, como las declaraciones ambientales de producto y la inercia térmica, son tres aspectos que guardan una correlación.

Palabras clave: prefabricado, hormigón, BIM, DAP’s, inercia térmica, sostenibilidad

Referencia:

LÓPEZ-VIDAL, A.; YEPES, V. (2017). BIM, declaraciones ambientales de producto e inercia térmica: tres vías para la consolidación de las soluciones en prefabricado de hormigón. VII Congreso de ACHE, A Coruña, junio de 2017, 9 pp.

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Environmental impact shares of a reinforced concrete earth-retaining wall with buttresses

http://blog.360gradosenconcreto.com/tipos-muros-contencion-prefabricados-concreto/

Abstract: Structural engineers focus on the reduction of carbon emissions in reinforced concrete structures, while other impacts affecting ecosystems and human health become secondary or are left behind. The featured life cycle assessment shows the impacts corresponding to each construction stage of an earth-retaining wall with buttresses. In this study the contribution ratio of each input flow is analyzed. Accordingly, concrete, landfill, machinery, formwork, steel, and transport are considered. Results show that despite the concrete almost always accounts for the largest contribution to each impact, the impact shares of steel present noticeable sensitivity to the steel-manufacturing route. The parameter of study is the recycling rate, usually 75% reached in Spain. Noticeable variation is found when the recycling content increases. The relationship between the impacts of each material with the amount of material used discloses research interest.

 

Keywords: Life cycle assessment, Functional unit, Steel recycling rate, Concrete ratio, Photochemical oxidation, Ozone depletion, Global warming.

Reference:

MOLINA-MORENO, F.; MARTÍ, J.V.; YEPES, V.; CIROTH, A. (2017). Environmental impact shares of a reinforced concrete earth-retaining wall with buttresses. The Ninth International Structural Engineering and Construction Conference, Resilient Structures and Sustainable Construction ISEC-9, Valencia, Spain July 24-July 29.

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Puentes pretensados de alta eficiencia social y medioambiental bajo presupuestos restrictivos: Proyecto BRIDLIFE

https://construblogspain.wordpress.com/

El objetivo del proyecto BRIDLIFE consiste en desarrollar una metodología que permita incorporar un análisis del ciclo de vida de vida de puentes de hormigón pretensado definiendo un proceso de toma de decisiones que integre los aspectos sociales y medioambientales mediante técnicas analíticas de toma de decisiones multicriterio. Los resultados esperados pretenden detallar qué tipologías, actuaciones de conservación y alternativas de demolición y reutilización son adecuadas para minimizar los impactos, dentro de una política de fuerte limitación presupuestaria que compromete seriamente la construcción y conservación de las infraestructuras.

Referencia:

YEPES, V.; GONZÁLEZ-VIDOSA, F.; MARTÍ, J.V.; ALCALÁ, J.; PELLICER, E. (2017). Puentes pretensados de alta eficiencia social y medioambiental bajo presupuestos restrictivos: Proyecto BRIDLIFE. VII Congreso de ACHE, A Coruña, junio.

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Special Issue «Sustainable Construction»

High visibility: indexed by the Science Citation Index Expanded, the Social Sciences Citation Index (Web of Science) and other databases. Impact Factor: 1.343 (2015)

Special Issue «Sustainable Construction»

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section «Sustainable Engineering and Science«.

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2017

Special Issue Editors

Guest Editor

Prof. Dr. Víctor Yepes
Concrete Science and Technology Institute (ICITECH), Department of Construction Engineering and Civil Engineering Projects, Universitat Politècnica de València Valencia, Spain
Interests: multi-objective optimization; life-cycle assessment; decision-making; sustainability; concrete structures; CO2 emissions; construction management

Guest Editor

Dr. Tatiana García-Segura
Concrete Science and Technology Institute (ICITECH), Department of Construction Engineering and Civil Engineering Projects, Universitat Politècnica de València Valencia, Spain
Interests: multi-objective optimization; durability; safety; sustainability; post-tensioned bridges; maintenance; blended cement; recycled concrete

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This «Sustainable Construction» Special Issue comprises selected papers for Sustainability. Construction is one of the main sectors generating greenhouse gases. This industry consumes large amounts of raw materials, such as stone, timber, water, etc. Additionally, infrastructure should provide service over many years without safety problems. Therefore, their correct design, construction, maintenance and dismantling are essential to reduce economic, environmental and societal consequences. That is why promoting sustainable construction is becoming extremely important nowadays. This Special Issue is seeking papers that explore new ways of reducing the environmental impacts caused by the construction sector, as well promoting social progress and economic growth. These objectives include, but are not limited to:

  • The use of sustainable materials in construction
  • The development of technologies and processes intended to improve sustainability in construction
  • The optimization of designs based on sustainable indicators
  • The reduction of the economic, environmental and social impact caused by production processes
  • The promotion of durable materials that reduce the future maintenance
  • The life-cycle assessment
  • Decision-making processes that integrate economic, social, and environmental aspects

Papers selected for this Special Issue are subject to a rigorous peer-review procedure with the aim of rapid and wide dissemination of research results, developments and applications.

Submission

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. Papers will be published continuously (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are refereed through a peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed Open Access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Keywords

  • sustainable materials
  • life-cycle assessment
  • sustainable and efficient technologies and processes
  • design optimization
  • durable materials
  • maintenance minimization
  • decision-making

Algunas conclusiones obtenidas del proyecto BRIDLIFE sobre puentes postesados en cajón

A punto de terminar el proyecto de investigación BRIDLIFE, a continuación se exponen algunas conclusiones de interés fruto de dicho proyecto y de la tesis doctoral y publicaciones de la profesora Tatiana García Segura. Son pequeñas «píldoras» de conocimiento que pueden ser de interés para proyectistas e investigadores relacionados con los puentes, el hormigón, la sostenibilidad y la optimización. Son las siguientes:

  1. A pesar de la reducción de durabilidad por carbonatación y la menor captura de CO2, los cementos con adiciones resultan beneficiosos desde el punto de vista ambiental [1].
  2. Mientras el uso del hormigón reciclado como árido afecta a las propiedades del hormigón y requiere en muchos casos un incremento en el contenido de cemento, la reutilización del hormigón como material granular de relleno permite una completa carbonatación del hormigón que reduce las emisiones de CO2 [1].
  3. Se puede mejorar la seguridad estructural de los puentes en cajón con un pequeño incremento de coste siempre que se escojan las variables adecuadas [2]. Este incremento de coste no es constante para todos los niveles de seguridad. Se pueden establecer diferentes puntos, a partir de los cuales resulta más caro mejorar la seguridad estructural [2].
  4. No se aconseja aumentar el espesor de la losa superior para mejorar la seguridad de los puentes en cajón, ya que ello conlleva un aumento de peso innecesario [2]. Sin embargo, el espesor de las alas en el arranque es un aspecto clave para mejorar la flexión transversal [2].
  5. A pesar de que se ha considerado la inclinación del alma como variable de optimización, su valor óptimo apenas difiere para distintos valores de seguridad.  Esto se debe a que tanto el canto como el ancho de inclinación del alma aumentan en paralelo para mejorar la seguridad estructural [2].
  6. El uso de hormigón de alta resistencia en puentes no muestra ventajas económicas a corto plazo, pues las restricciones de servicio y armadura mínima no permiten reducir el canto y la cantidad de armadura [2]. Sin embargo, el hormigón de alta resistencia retrasa el inicio de la corrosión [3] y mejora el rendimiento estructural una vez se ha iniciado la corrosión [4]. Si se diseñan estructuras con hormigones de alta resistencia se consiguen mejores resultados durante el ciclo de vida que con diseños que tienen mayores recubrimientos, a pesar de tener el mismo inicio de corrosión [4].
  7. Los diseños que tienen una mayor durabilidad tienen un mayor coste inicial pero un menor coste de ciclo de vida [4].
  8. Los resultados muestran que tanto la optimización del coste como de las emisiones de CO2 reducen el consumo de material. Por tanto, la optimización del coste es una buena estrategia para conseguir estructuras más ecológicas [2,5,6].
  9. Para gestionar el mantenimiento de las estructuras de forma sostenible se debe tener en cuenta tanto el coste y las emisiones de reparación, como el impacto que produce el desvío de tráfico sobre los usuarios de la vía [4].
  10. La optimización del mantenimiento indica que no se debe optimizar cada superficie por separado, sino que se debe coordinar el mantenimiento de todas las superficies para reducir el coste y las emisiones que ocasiona el desvío del tráfico [4].

Referencias:

[1]          T. García-Segura, V. Yepes, J. Alcalá, Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of blended cement concrete including carbonation and durability, Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 19 (2014) 3–12. doi:10.1007/s11367-013-0614-0.

[2]         T. García-Segura, V. Yepes, Multiobjective optimization of post-tensioned concrete box-girder road bridges considering cost, CO2 emissions, and safety, Eng. Struct. 125 (2016) 325–336. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.07.012.

[3]         T. García-Segura, V. Yepes, D.M. Frangopol, Multi-objective design of post-tensioned concrete road bridges using artificial neural networks, Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. 56 (2017) 139–150. doi:10.1007/s00158-017-1653-0.

[4]         T. García-Segura, V. Yepes, D.M. Frangopol, D.Y. Yang, Lifetime reliability-based optimization of post-tensioned box-girder bridges, Eng. Struct. 145 (2017) 381–391. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.05.013.

[5]         T. García-Segura, V. Yepes, J. Alcalá, E. Pérez-López, Hybrid harmony search for sustainable design of post-tensioned concrete box-girder pedestrian bridges, Eng. Struct. 92 (2015) 112–122. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.015.

[6]         J.V. Martí, T. García-Segura, V. Yepes, Structural design of precast-prestressed concrete U-beam road bridges based on embodied energy, J. Clean. Prod. 120 (2016) 231–240. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.024.